Nouns - Basic Rules & Their Patterns in Portuguese

Nouns - Basic rules

    Portuguese plurals are similar to English plurals. Add an "s" to the word and follow a few patterns. :)

But there is an important difference: all adjectives, articles, possessives and determiners pointing to the noun must be also changed to plural, according to the noun.

Some patterns:

Ending in vowels: add an "s"
O menino > Os meninos
A menina > As meninas

Ending in "r", "s", "z": add "es"
A mulher > As mulheres
Ending in "M": change to "ns"

O homem > Os homens

Ending in "L": change to "is" (don't repeat the "i")

O animal > Os animais

O papel > Os papéis (the papers)

O funil > Os funis (the funnels)
("e" and "o" will need an accent if the word doesn't have one already)

There are other patterns, but they're not necessary at this point :)

Two advanced examples, one masculine and one feminine, just to illustrate the rules:
Os teus livros são vermelhos = Your books are red

As tuas maçãs são vermelhas = Your apples are red
Personal pronouns

The plural of the pronouns seen so far are: