Nouns - Basic Rules & Their Patterns in Portuguese

Nouns - Basic rules
Portuguese plurals are similar to English plurals. Add an "s" to the word and follow a few patterns. :)
But there is an important difference: all adjectives, articles, possessives and determiners pointing to the noun must be also changed to plural, according to the noun.
Some patterns:
Ending in vowels: add an "s"O menino > Os meninos
A menina > As meninas
Ending in "r", "s", "z": add "es"
A mulher > As mulheres
Ending in "M": change to "ns"
O homem > Os homens
Ending in "L": change to "is" (don't repeat the "i")
O animal > Os animais
O papel > Os papéis (the papers)
O funil > Os funis (the funnels)
("e" and "o" will need an accent if the word doesn't have one already)
There are other patterns, but they're not necessary at this point :)
Two advanced examples, one masculine and one feminine, just to illustrate the rules:
Os teus livros são vermelhos = Your books are red
As tuas maçãs são vermelhas = Your apples are red
Personal pronouns
The plural of the pronouns seen so far are:
Singular | Plural |
---|---|
I = Eu | We = Nós |
He/She/It = Ele/Ela | They = Eles/Elas |
You = Você | You = Vocês |
Notice that it's important to distinguish between singular and plural "you" in Portuguese!
Verbs - Conjugations
Different from English, Portuguese not only has different conjugations for "ele/ela", but for each person, singular and plural.
There are three types of regular verbs. They end in either "ar", "er" or "ir", and each type follow a pattern.
Fritar | Comer | Abrir | |
---|---|---|---|
Eu | Frito | Como | Abro |
Ele/Ela | Frita | Come | Abre |
Nós | Fritamos | Comemos | Abrimos |
Eles/Elas | Fritam | Comem | Abrem |
* - Conjugations for "vocês" are the same as "eles/elas"
Ser | Ler | |
---|---|---|
Eu | Sou | Leio |
Ele/Ela | É | Lê |
Nós | Somos | Lemos |
Eles/Elas | São | Leem |
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